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- Newsgroups: alt.hemp
- From: hughesg@netcom.com (Grant Hughes)
- Subject: Medical Marijuana
- Message-ID: <hughesgCFLG27.BHw@netcom.com>
- Date: Thu, 28 Oct 1993 06:15:43 GMT
-
- The following is a widely distributed OP/ED piece addressing some of the
- gross misinformation about the medical use of marijuana.
-
-
- MARIJUANA SMOKING AS MEDICINE: A CRUEL HOAX
-
- The anecdotal claims concerning the unique therapeutic properties of
- marijuana smoking in alleviating the nausea and vomiting induced by the
- chemotherapy of cancer or of AIDS do not withstand scientific scrutiny.
-
- In the first place, modern therapeutics distinguish between a crude drug
- and its pharmacological active pure ingredient, in this instance between
- marijuana and THC. While crude marijuana preparations made of plant
- material and containing THC display similar pharmacological properties as
- THC, their overall effect is quite different. Indeed, marijuana contains
- in addition to THC 60 other cannabinoids which modify absorption,
- availability and transformation of THC in the body, and which are also
- biologically active. Besides cannabinoids, 360 other compounds have been
- identified in the plant material such as terpenes, flavinoids, furan
- derivatives and alkaloids. The smoke if a marijuana cigarette contains in
- its gas phase the noxious vapors of carbon monoxide, acetaldehyde,
- acrolein, toluene, nitrosamine and vinylchloride, and in its particulate
- phase phenol, creosol, methyl and napthalene. Marijuana smoke also
- contains twice as many cancer producing substances (benzanthracene and
- benzopyrene) as a tobacco cigarette of the same weight. The respective
- amount of all of these different chemicals will vary with each marijuana
- cigarette and its resulting smoke, therefore prescriptions of marijuana
- cannot comply with the Pure Food and Drug Act, which requires that all
- medicines be labeled with the exact amount of chemicals they contain. In
- addition, crude drug marijuana preparation can also be contaminated with
- salmonella bacteria which gives diarrhea and with a fungus, aspergillus,
- which may cause severe bronchopneumonia (It has been suggested that the
- marijuana cigarettes prescribed to patients be sterilized.).
-
- Damaging effects in man caused by prolonged exposure to marijuana smoking
- have been reported in two recent International Symposia; they include
- emphysema-like symptoms, cancer of the lung, mouth and tongue, prolonged
- impairment of memory and of psychomotor performance resulting in train or
- car accidents, a six-fold increase in the incidence of schizophrenia,
- leukemia in children born from marijuana smoking mothers and damage to the
- growing fetus.
-
- However, if smoked marijuana had unique therapeutic properties, these
- forgoing undesired effects could be overlooked. Prominent cancer
- specialists such as Dr. R. J. Gralla of Sloane-Kettering Memorial Cancer
- Center, Dr. D. S. Ettinger of Johns Hopkins Medical School, Dr. George
- Hyman of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Dr.
- John Laszlo, Vice President for Research of the American Cancer Society
- have concluded that the crude drug marijuana taken by inhalation has only
- limited effectiveness in the treatment of vomiting caused by cancer
- chemotherapy and documented negative effects on pulmonary, cardiovascular
- and immunity systems. The American Cancer Society stated in 1989 that the
- results of clinical investigations were insufficient to warrant the
- decontrol of marijuana smoking for medical use. the American Medical
- Association and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expressed a similar
- opinion.
-
- The therapeutic applications of smoked marijuana have been traced down to
- the psychoactive ingredient it contains: THC. This compound taken by
- mouth will relieve the vomiting resulting from cancer chemotherapy in a
- limited number of patients. But THC also produces acute undesirable
- psychic and cardiovascular symptoms, and its depressant effect on immunity
- is not a good indication for patients with cancer or AIDS who already have
- impaired immunity. To treat nausea associated with chemotherapy, modern
- drugs with much greater bioavailability, specificity, and effectiveness,
- and less side effects than THC, such as metoclopramide and ondansetron,
- have already been used on millions of patients. And these drugs have
- become the preferred choice of the majority of physicians who wish to
- treat their patients in the safest and most effective fashion. However,
- THC, because of its therapeutic properties, has been reclassified from
- Schedule I to Schedule II, which permits its prescription by physicians.
- Marinol is one of the presently available preparations. But most other
- countries, signatories of the Single Convention of the United Nations on
- Controlled Substances, did not concur with the U.S. Reclassification and
- kept THC in Schedule I, among drugs which have no unique therapeutic
- usefulness and high abuse potential.
-
- While the reclassification of THC to Schedule II might be understandable,
- this would not be the case for smoking the crude drug marijuana, which
- would as a result become more available and more readily diverted for
- non-medical use.
-
- There is no medical justification for the use of marijuana smoking in the
- treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer or AIDS
- chemotherapy. Other claims formulated in the prescientific area of
- medicine concerning the therapeutic properties of marijuana smoking for
- epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, paraplegia, chronic pain, pruritis,
- menstrual cramps, and labor pain are purely hearsay and may even be
- harmful to the patient. Such claims have been nonetheless recently
- revived by the same Harvard professor who has also stated that 'used no
- more than two or three times a week, cocaine creates no serious problem.'
- His latest book, "Marijuana, the Forbidden Medicine," is a loose
- compendium of unverifiable anecdotes.
-
- The unilateral reclassification by the United States of marijuana from
- Schedule I to II would perpetuate a cruel hoax by sending the wrong
- message to uninformed patients and health professionals who rely on safe
- and effective medicine. There is no medical justification for the use of
- marijuana smoking in the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with
- cancer or AIDS chemotherapy."
-
-
- Gabriel G. Nahas, M.D.
- Nicholas A. Pace, M.D.
- New York University Medical Center
-